Each of these components requires evaluation and correction where necessary. This may include one or more of the following 4 basic approaches - 'the 4R's':
1. Re-positioning (lifting) and removal of tissueOver time the cheeks and neck begin to sag, jowls appear and the jaw-line becomes irregular. A facelift targets these areas directly by elevating the SMAS (the Superficial Muscular Aponeurotic System) - the fibrous and muscular layer in the face which lies underneath the skin. Skin excess is excised. Another option may be to employ sutures or barbed threads to elevate sagging tissue.
2. Re-filling or replacement of facial volume (such as fat injections or fillers)
3. Relaxation of key muscles which cause wrinkles (surgically or through the use of Botox).
4. Resurfacing of the skin (A radiant complexion is a feature of youthful skin. Diet, exercise, sun protection, cessation of smoking, basic daily skin care and skin rejuvenation therapies; Topical vitamin A / Percutaneous collagen induction-'needling'/ Peels / IPL / Lasers / Fraxel etc. play a pivotal role in addressing skin tone, thickness, pigmentation and fine lines.)
For more information regarding this procedure
www.plasticsurgery.org
www.emedicine.com